Concrete materials¶

Concrete factory¶

structuralcodes.materials.concrete.create_concrete(fck: float, name: str | None = None, density: float = 2400.0, gamma_c: float | None = None, existing: bool = False, design_code: str | None = None, **kwargs) → Concrete | None[source]¶

A factory function to create the correct type of concrete based on the desired design code.

Parameters:

fck (float) – Characteristic strength of concrete in MPa. (if existing it is intended as the mean strength).

Keyword Arguments:

density (float) – Density of Concrete in kg/m3 (default: 2400).
gamma_c (Optional(float)) – The partial factor for concrete.
existing (bool) – Boolean indicating if the concrete is of an existing structure (default: False).
design_code (str) – Optional string (default: None) indicating the desired standard. If None (default) the globally used design standard will be adopted. Otherwise the design standard specified will be used for the instance of the material.

Raises:

ValueError – if the design code is not valid or does not cover concrete as a material.

Eurocode 2 (2004)¶

Concrete implementation for EC2 2004.

Initializes a new instance of Concrete for EC2 2004.

Parameters:

fck (float) – Characteristic strength in MPa if concrete is not existing.

Keyword Arguments:

name (str) – A descriptive name for concrete.
density (float) – Density of material in kg/m3 (default: 2400).
gamma_c (float, optional) – partial factor of concrete (default is 1.5).
alpha_cc (float, optional) – A factor for considering long-term effects on the strength, and effects that arise from the way the load is applied.
consitutive_law (ConstitutiveLaw | str) – A valid ConstitutiveLaw object for concrete or a string defining a valid constitutive law type for concrete. (valid options for string: ‘elastic’, ‘parabolarectangle’, ‘bilinearcompression’, ‘sargin’, ‘popovics’).
fcm (float, optional) – The mean compressive strength.
fctm (float, optional) – The mean tensile strength.
fctk_5 (float, optional) – The 5% fractile for the tensile strength.
fctk_95 (float, optional) – The 95% fractile for the tensile strength.
Ecm (float, optional) – The mean secant Young’s modulus.
eps_c1 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the Sargin constitutive law.
eps_cu1 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the Sargin constitutive law.
k_sargin (float, optional) – The coefficient for the Sargin constitutive law.
eps_c2 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
eps_cu2 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
n_parabolic_rectangular (float, optional) – The coefficient for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
eps_c3 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the bilinear constitutive law.
eps_cu3 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the bilinear constitutive law.

Raises:

ValueError – If fcm is lower than fck.
ValueError – If k_sargin is negative.
ValueError – If n_parabolic_rectangular is negative.
ValueError – If the constitutive law name is not available for the material.
ValueError – If the provided constitutive law is not valid for concrete.
ValueError – If the constitutive law name is unknown.
Warning – If fctm is larger than 0.5 * fck.
Warning – If eps_c1 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu1 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_c2 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu2 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If n_parabolic_rectangular is larger than 5.
Warning – If eps_c3 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu3 is larger than 0.1.

fcd() → float[source]¶

Return the design compressive strength in MPa.

Returns:: The design compressive strength of concrete in MPa.
Return type:: float

property fck: float¶: Returns fck in MPa.

property fcm: float¶

Returns fcm in MPa.

Returns:: The mean compressive strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if fcm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctm: float¶

Returns fctm in MPa.

Returns:: The mean tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if fctm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctk_5: float¶

Returns fctk_5 in MPa.

Returns:: The lower bound tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fctm if fctk_5 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctk_95: float¶

Returns fctk_95 in MPa.

Returns:: The upper bound tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fctm if fctk_95 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property Ecm: float¶

Returns Ecm in MPa.

Returns:: The upper bound tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fcm if Ecm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property gamma_c: float¶: The partial factor for concrete.

property alpha_cc: float¶: The alpha_cc factor.

property eps_c1: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcm) for the Sargin constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fcm if eps_c1 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu1: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete.

Returns:: The maximum strength at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fcm if eps_cu1 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property k_sargin: float¶

Returns the coefficient for Sargin constitutive law.

Returns:: The plastic coefficient for Sargin law.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from Ecm, fcm and eps_c1 if k_sargin is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_c2: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcd) for the Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_c2 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu2: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete for the Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The maximum strain at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_cu2 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property n_parabolic_rectangular: float¶

Returns the coefficient for Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The exponent for Parabola-rectangle law.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if n_parabolic_rectangular is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_c3: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcd) for the Bi-linear constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from eps_c3 if fck is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu3: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete for the Bi-linear constitutive law.

Returns:: The maximum strain at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_cu3 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property constitutive_law¶: Returns the ConstitutiveLaw of the object.

property name¶: Returns the name of the material.

property density¶: Returns the density of the material in kg/m3.

fib Model Code 2010¶

Concrete implementation for MC 2010.

Initializes a new instance of Concrete for MC 2010.

Parameters:

fck (float) – Characteristic strength in MPa if concrete is not existing.

Keyword Arguments:

name (Optional(str)) – A descriptive name for concrete.
density (float) – Density of material in kg/m3 (default: 2400).
gamma_c (Optional(float)) – The partial factor for concrete.
alpha_cc (float, optional) – A factor for considering long-term effects on the strength, and effects that arise from the way the load is applied.
fcm (float, optional) – The mean compressive strength.
fctm (float, optional) – The mean tensile strength.
fctkmin (float, optional) – The minimum tensile strength.
fctkmax (float, optional) – The maximum tensile strength.
Eci (float, optional) – The initial tangent Young’s modulus.
Gf (float, optional) – The tensile fracture energy.
eps_c1 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the Sargin constitutive law.
eps_cu1 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the Sargin constitutive law.
k_sargin (float, optional) – The coefficient for the Sargin constitutive law.
eps_c2 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
eps_cu2 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
n_parabolic_rectangular (float, optional) – The coefficient for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
eps_c3 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the bilinear constitutive law.
eps_cu3 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the bilinear constitutive law.

Raises:

ValueError – If fcm is lower than fck.
ValueError – If k_sargin is negative.
ValueError – If n_parabolic_rectangular is negative.
ValueError – If the constitutive law name is not available for the material.
ValueError – If the provided constitutive law is not valid for concrete.
Warning – If Eci is lower than 1e4 or larger than 1e5.
Warning – If fctm is larger than 0.5 * fck.
Warning – If eps_c1 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu1 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_c2 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu2 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If n_parabolic_rectangular is larger than 5.
Warning – If eps_c3 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu3 is larger than 0.1.

fcd() → float[source]¶

Return the design compressive strength in MPa.

Returns:: The design compressive strength of concrete in MPa.
Return type:: float

property fck: float¶: Returns fck in MPa.

property fcm: float¶

Returns fcm in MPa.

Returns:: The mean compressive strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if fcm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property Eci: float¶

Returns the modulus of elasticity in MPa at the concrete age of 28 days.

It is assumed a normal concrete with quartzite aggregates (alfa_e = 1)

Returns:: The modulus of elasticity in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fcm if Eci is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctm: float¶

Returns fctm in MPa.

Returns:: The mean tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if fctm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctkmin: float¶

Returns fctkmin in MPa.

Returns:: The lower bound tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fctm if fctkmin is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctkmax: float¶

Returns fctkmax in MPa.

Returns:: The upper bound tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fctm if fctkmax is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property Gf: float¶

Fracture energy of concrete.

Returns:: The fracture energy in N/m.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if Gf is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property gamma_c: float¶: The partial factor for concrete.

property alpha_cc: float¶: The alpha_cc factor.

property eps_c1: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcm) for the Sargin constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_c1 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu1: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete.

Returns:: The maximum strength at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_cu1 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property k_sargin: float¶

Returns the coefficient for Sargin constitutive law.

Returns:: The plastic coefficient for Sargin law.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if k_sargin is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_c2: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcd) for the Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_c2 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu2: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete for the Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The maximum strain at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_cu2 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property n_parabolic_rectangular: float¶

Returns the coefficient for Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The exponent for Parabola-recangle law.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if n is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_c3: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcd) for the Bi-linear constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_c3 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu3: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete for the Bi-linear constitutive law.

Returns:: The maximum strain at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if eps_cu3 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property constitutive_law¶: Returns the ConstitutiveLaw of the object.

property name¶: Returns the name of the material.

property density¶: Returns the density of the material in kg/m3.

Eurocode 2 (2023)¶

class structuralcodes.materials.concrete.ConcreteEC2_2023(fck: float, name: str | None = None, density: float = 2400.0, kE: float = 9500, strength_dev_class: Literal['CS', 'CN', 'CR', 'slow', 'normal', 'rapid'] = 'CN', gamma_c: float | None = None, constitutive_law: Literal['elastic', 'parabolarectangle', 'bilinearcompression', 'sargin', 'popovics'] | ConstitutiveLaw | None = 'parabolarectangle', fcm: float | None = None, fctm: float | None = None, fctk_5: float | None = None, fctk_95: float | None = None, Ecm: float | None = None, eps_c1: float | None = None, eps_cu1: float | None = None, k_sargin: float | None = None, eps_c2: float | None = None, eps_cu2: float | None = None, n_parabolic_rectangular: float | None = None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Concrete implementation for EC2 2023 Concrete.

__init__(fck: float, name: str | None = None, density: float = 2400.0, kE: float = 9500, strength_dev_class: Literal['CS', 'CN', 'CR', 'slow', 'normal', 'rapid'] = 'CN', gamma_c: float | None = None, constitutive_law: Literal['elastic', 'parabolarectangle', 'bilinearcompression', 'sargin', 'popovics'] | ConstitutiveLaw | None = 'parabolarectangle', fcm: float | None = None, fctm: float | None = None, fctk_5: float | None = None, fctk_95: float | None = None, Ecm: float | None = None, eps_c1: float | None = None, eps_cu1: float | None = None, k_sargin: float | None = None, eps_c2: float | None = None, eps_cu2: float | None = None, n_parabolic_rectangular: float | None = None, **kwargs)[source]¶

Initializes a new instance of Concrete for EC2 2023.

Parameters:

fck (float) – Characteristic strength in MPa if concrete is not existing.

Keyword Arguments:

name (str) – A descriptive name for concrete.
density (float) – Density of material in kg/m3 (default: 2400).
kE (float) – Coefficient relating aggregates.
strength_dev_class (str, optional) – Default is CN. Possible values: CS, CN, CR, slow, normal or rapid.
gamma_c (float, optional) – Partial factor of concrete (default is 1.5).
consitutive_law (ConstitutiveLaw | str) – A valid ConstitutiveLaw object for concrete or a string defining a valid constitutive law type for concrete. (valid options for string: ‘elastic’, ‘parabolarectangle’, ‘bilinearcompression’, ‘sargin’, ‘popovics’).
fcm (float, optional) – The mean compressive strength.
fctm (float, optional) – The mean tensile strength.
fctk_5 (float, optional) – The 5% fractile for the tensile strength.
fctk_95 (float, optional) – The 95% fractile for the tensile strength.
Ecm (float, optional) – The mean secant Young’s modulus.
eps_c1 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the Sargin constitutive law.
eps_cu1 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the Sargin constitutive law.
k_sargin (float, optional) – The coefficient for the Sargin constitutive law.
eps_c2 (float, optional) – The strain at peak stress for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
eps_cu2 (float, optional) – The ultimate strain for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.
n_parabolic_rectangular (float, optional) – The coefficient for the parabolic rectangular constitutive law.

Raises:

ValueError – If the provided strength development class is invalid.
ValueError – If gamma_c is less than zero.
ValueError – If fcm is less than fck.
ValueError – If k_sargin is negative.
ValueError – If n_parabolic_rectangular is negative.
ValueError – If the constitutive law name is not available for the material.
ValueError – If the provided constitutive law is not valid for concrete.
Warning – If eps_c1 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu1 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_c2 is larger than 0.1.
Warning – If eps_cu2 is larger than 0.1.

fcd(t_ref: float = 28, t0: float = 91, fck_ref: float = 40) → float[source]¶

Computes the value of the design compressive strength of concrete.

Parameters:

t_ref (float,optional) – The reference time in days (default is 28 days).
t0 (float, optional) – Age at loading in days (default is 91 days).
fck_ref (float, optional) – The reference compressive strength in MPa (default is 40 MPa).

Returns:

The design compressive strength of concrete in MPa.

Return type:

float

Raises:

ValueError – If fck_ref is less or equal to 0.
ValueError – If t_ref is less than 0.
ValueError – If t0 is less than 0.

fctd(t_ref: float = 28) → float[source]¶

Computes the value of the design tensile strength of concrete.

Parameters:: t_ref (float, optional) – The reference time in days (default is 28 days).
Returns:: The design tensile strength of concrete in MPa.
Return type:: float
Raises:: ValueError – If t_ref is less than 0.

property fck: float¶: Returns fck in MPa.

property fcm: float¶

Returns the mean strength of concrete.

Returns:: The mean compressive strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if fcm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctm: None¶

Returns the mean concrete tensile strength.

Returns:: The mean concrete tensile strength.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fck if fctm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctk_5: float¶

Returns the 5% fractile for the concrete tensile strength.

Returns:: The 5% fractile for the concrete tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fctm if fctk_5 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property fctk_95: float¶

Returns the 95% fractile for the concrete tensile strength.

Returns:: The 5% fractile for the concrete tensile strength in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fctm if fctk_95 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property Ecm: float¶

Returns the secant modulus.

Returns:: The secant concrete modulus in MPa.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fcm and kE if Ecm is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property gamma_c: float¶: The partial factor for concrete.

property eps_c1: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcm) for the Sargin constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fcm if eps_c1 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu1: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete.

Returns:: The maximum strength at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from fcm if eps_cu1 is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property k_sargin: float¶

Returns the k coefficient for Sargin constitutive law.

Returns:: k coefficient for Sargin constitutive law.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is derived from Ecm, fcm, and eps_c1 if k_sargin is not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_c2: float¶

Returns the strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete (fcd) for the Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The strain at maximum compressive strength of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is the default value in the design code if not manually provided when initializing the object.

property eps_cu2: float¶

Returns the strain at concrete failure of concrete for the Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The maximum strain at failure of concrete.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is the default value in the design code if not manually provided when initializing the object.

property n_parabolic_rectangular: float¶

Returns the coefficient for Parabola-rectangle constitutive law.

Returns:: The exponent for Parabola-recangle law.
Return type:: float

Note

The returned value is the default value in the design code if not manually provided when initializing the object.

property constitutive_law¶: Returns the ConstitutiveLaw of the object.

property name¶: Returns the name of the material.

property density¶: Returns the density of the material in kg/m3.